Conflict Between The Citizens And Police - 1519 Words

There have been conflicts between the citizens and police in the past. Numerous investigations made regarding these conflicts have occurred, with the Kerner Commission being formulated to investigate the cause of this disorder. The commission reported that the conflict was caused by distrust and hostility between the police and minorities. The commission recommended that the government should hire more police from the minority groups and that would change the state of things significantly. The hiring of minority groups was combined with increased standards for the police conduct and educational opportunities for them. The police behavior is a thing that should be rectified to ensure that there is peaceful coexistence between the police and civilians. The LEAA (Law Enforcement Assistant Administration) raised the level of education for the police officers and that improved the conduct of the police force. The reforms assumed that the officers from the minority groups that include women, better-trained officers and better education will lead to police officers acting differently compared to the previous less educated officers who were mainly white men. They also assumed that the changes will help officers in relating better with the minority citizens. LEAA assumed that the women officers would treat suspects in a less aggressive and less violent manner. The reforms concluded that the educated officers will be able to deal better with the demands that arise from policing andShow MoreRelatedThe Succesfull of Community Policing908 Words   |  4 PagesBoth of the ethnicity, Bali tribe and Lampung tribe concur 10 point of peace document that have been made on mediation process as the citizen contract. Resolving indigenous conflict mea ns that we should obey the traditional cultural norm and law on those areas. In this case, for Bali tribe and Lampung tribe, both have theirs own local wisdom. Lampung tribe famous for Piil Pesenggiri, meaning as pride and honour emerging the behaviour of thinking and way of live. Its also explain that the abilityRead MoreMediation in Community Policing Strategy1699 Words   |  7 Pagesselfishness, arrogance, conflict, division and so on. Furthermore the associative social processes can be said positive process, and dissosiatif social process called negative process. In connection with this, the associative social processes that can be used as an attempt resolve the conflict. The first mediation concept is well known in the business world. In Indonesia, the concept of public deliberation and consensus are used in any issue. Massive effort to solve the conflict that done by the governmentsRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society s Attitude Toward Pointing Out An Apparent Ongoing Struggle Between Whites And Blacks1668 Words   |  7 Pagestop stories in the news adversarial and geared toward pointing out an apparent ongoing struggle between whites and blacks? Is it because society is only interested in hearing about what is going wrong in the world, or is the media trying to create controversy and increase racial tensions to garner larger television audiences and sell more newspapers? Many stories in the news relate to racism: police brutality, education, crime; the media has a way of portraying these matters or specific incidentsRead MoreA Theory That Builds Upon Conflict Theory1703 Words   |  7 Pages One theory that builds upon Conflict Theory and can be used to help examine various unit and segment variations and can also help examine why some officers exhibit deviant behaviors and why other officers do not is Symbolic Interactionism. Using this theory, I will examine the police targeting of citizens, more specifically the politically ostracized, and the spatial and temporal contexts in which this specific targeting occurs. Symbolic Interactionism gives emphasis on the individual meanings andRead MoreThe United States Police Force1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States police force has become increasingly militarized over the last fifty years due to a reliance on the military for political and economic strength and in response to the introduction of serious domestic threats, such as drug and terrorism (Brown 658-659). This militarization has become a serious issue with many Americans over the last decade because of the injuries and deaths of citizens due to the use of excessive force and misconduct by police officers t hat have access to militaryRead MoreTaking a Look at Conflict668 Words   |  3 PagesThe word conflict comes from the Latin word configere meaning ‘to hit each other’. Its common usage today is as a social process between two people or more (can also group) where one party trying to get rid of the other party to destroy it or made powerless. Conflict contrary to integration, conflict and integration runs as a cycle in the community. Controlled conflict will result in integration. Otherwise, imperfect integration can create conflict. Meanwhile, social conflict can be interpreted inRead MorePolice Influence on Society Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Influence on Society Bruce Strong CJA/344 November 8, 2012 Albert J. Munoz-Flores, Psy. D. Police Influence on Society If you watch the nightly news you are bound to see a report of a clash between the police and a suspect or suspects. This often involves a high speed chase or the police taking a suspect down. These events are increasingly captured on video, especially with the advances in smart phones and portable video devices. Very often what you see is a white police officerRead MoreBaltimore Riots : Option 1992 Words   |  4 Pagesbut more about economic and social class separations. The riots began as a peaceful protest amongst the citizens of Baltimore over the death of one of their own, Freddie Gray. Gray was a young, African-American, from a financially lower class area of Baltimore. Unfortunately, he died while in custody of the Baltimore Police. While this is a tragic loss, he was unlawfully detained by the police (Sarlin, 2015) during this ordeal. On the surface, the riots may appear as a cut-and-dry race provokedRead MoreThe Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling858 Words   |  4 Pagestopic is focusing on the prominent conflict of African American males and police officials in Western nations, focusing directly on the American South. In the late 1920’s African Americans in the U.S.A, were hopeful that their struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discrimination and police brutality were â€Å"hidden† from theRead MoreAfrican Americans : The Primary Victims Of Police Brutality1188 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States, studies have shown that minority citizens, particularly African Americans, are the primary victims of police brutality. This use of excessive force, when utilized by law enforcement officers, encompasses a wide range of abusive practices – racial slurs, profanity, unnecessary searches, physical abuse, and even murder. According to a report by the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, 313 African Americans were killed without trial by police, security guards, and vigilantes in 2012. In other

Volstead Act Free Essays

The Volstead Act of 1919 was the law that made the sale of alcoholic beverages illegal, supporters of this act thought that this would make the country better as a whole. They said this law would lower crime rates and would increase the health of Americans. This law did the exact opposite of what they expected, overnight this law created a black market that lead to the rise of organized crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Volstead Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now The health of people who drank alcoholic beverages also decreased because there was no quality control in the illegal market. Thousands of Americans were oisoned by the impurities of the illegal Alcohol. These are just some of the reasons why I think that Prohibition was not the best law that we could have come up with. The new laws on alcohol are much better because they do not completely ban the sales of alcohol, they just limit who can buy it and when. This is much better because the drinks are much safer, distilled properly and the percentage of alcoholic contend is controlled. Another reason why this law was not reasonable is because of the time period that it took place in, this was n the middle of the great depression and there could have been many more jobs if they did not ban the sales of alcohol. Prohibition was not a well thought out amendment and next time the people want to ban the sales of something they should consider what will happen after they do. A couple of good thing that ended up coming out of this was they set an age limit on the purchasing and drinking of alcohol, which probably is safer than if they just let people of all ages do it. They have also came up with many good laws for drinking and driving o make the roads safer, and they are starting to make the laws more strict than they already are. Prohibition did the exact opposite of what the people who supported it thought it would do and that is why it only lasted from 1920-1933. This law manufactured bootleggers and many organized crime groups. Although it was not a good law it was probably good in the long run because maybe next time a group of people want to ban the sales of something they will think of the consequences of what will happen if they do. How to cite Volstead Act, Essay examples

Cuckoos Nest Essay Research Paper In what free essay sample

Cuckoos Nest Essay, Research Paper In what ways does the writer of a novel you have studied make the reader aware of an of import subject or subjects? One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey, is a novel which explores many subjects associating to human society, spirit and construction. It written in a alone manner, that, in combination with strong symbolism and word picture, successfully conveys these subjects to the reader. The book is besides backed up by a strong pragmatism which Kesey managed to get from old ages functioning on a mental ward and from his ain geographic expeditions into mind-altering drugs. But likely the most of import manner in which Kesey communicates his subjects with the reader is through the usage of 3rd individual narrative. Kesey chooses one of the patients, Chief Bromden, as the storyteller of the novel. The universe which Bromden describes is a hazy, crystalline kingdom, where the boundary lines between insanity and saneness are ill-defined. There s long enchantments -three yearss, years- when you can t see a thing, know where you are merely by the talker sounding overhead like a bell clanging in the fog ( 94 ) Bromden s position is all-knowing. Although he poses to the ward staff as a deaf-and-dumb person, he really hears and comprehends all that happens within the infirmary. The Chief was able drama the portion of a inactive perceiver, posting himself in of import meetings and able to see and hear things which are concealed from other inmates. This penetration into what is go oning around the ward is critical to the manner in which Kesey s subjects are brought to the readers awareness. We are able to understand non merely Bromdens psychotic beliefs but besides his perceptual experiences into the manner the ward and society work. Although Bromden does non ever see everything as it literally happens. He hallucinates frequently, seeing things in footings of machinery, She s transporting a woven wicker bag # 8230 ; I can see inside it ; there s no compact or lip rouge or adult female material, she s got that bag full of a 1000 parts she aims to utilize in her responsibilities today # 8211 ; wheels and cogwheels, cogs polished to a difficult glister, bantam pills, acerate leafs, forceps, horologists plyerss, axial rotations of Cu wire # 8230 ; ( 10 ) . Kesey uses the Chiefs distorted subconscious ramblings and perceptual experiences to give the reader the true subjective history of the action, summed up by the phrase: It s the truth even if it didn t happen. For case the Chief s dream/vision of the mechanized meatman store. The Chief s phobic disorder and paranoia about machines and power are focussed in this transition, where human cadavers, one being Old Blastics, are being moved around on mechanical meathooks. But the vision is non merely another psychotic belief, as the Chief awakes the following twenty-four hours to happen Old Blastic has died during the dark. This shows the Chiefs truth is symbolic of what is go oning in world. The Chiefs images and captivations become cardinal symbols of the book. The changeless associations with machinery and the Combine which he describes as being a immense administration that aims to set the Outside every bit good as she [ Large Nurse ] has the interior ( 27 ) , present the reader with more of Keseys thoughts. The Combine is the opposite to everything natural. It represents everything which is smooth, accurate precise and organised. The Big Nurse is seen as the Combines primary tool in seting the Inside: I see her sit in the Centre of this web of wires like a alert automaton, tend her web with mechanical insect accomplishment, know every 2nd which wire tallies where and merely what current to direct up to acquire the consequences she wants. The Big Nurse symbolises all that is unfertile, mechanical, conformed and unnatural # 8211 ; a mechanical matriarchate. Womans, such as the Nurse Ratched, characteristic in Kesey s novel in either of two visible radiations. Either as a ball-cutter like the Big Nurse, who are captive on ruling work forces and striping them of their freedom and maleness. Or as Candy, the prostitute, who is purpose on giving work forces freedom and pleasance. There is no in-between land between these extremes, which merely goes to overstate Keseys subjects. He uses these contrasting extremes throughout the novel for other such subjects as good V immorality, mechanical V natural and asepsis vs birthrate. Using such appositions Kesey makes his thoughts stand out clearly to the reader. The duality between the Big Nurse and McMurphy is another illustration of the manner Kesey uses apposition to show his subjects to the reader. McMurphy is the supporter. A stringy, red-haired, incorrigible character who shortly becomes the main bullgoose crazy of the ward. The adversary is Nurse Ratched. The struggles which arises between these two characters with opposing ideologi Es explore the subjects of individualism versus conformance, and natural order versus the constitution. An illustration of this was seen when McMurphy ran his manus through the glass of the Nurses station. By making this McMurphy illustrates one time once more that he will oppose all the Nurse stands for and at the same clip shatters her progressively delicate calm. McMurphys ill will toward the Big Nurse at first is merely to do his life on the ward more endurable. Taking ownership of the bath room for an alternate diversion room, and seeking to go through a ballot to watch the World Series Baseball show us this. Meanwhile the other patients on the ward decide non to contend the Combine, but instead allow themselves be repaired in order to suit back into normal society once more. But subsequently in the novel McMurphy, after gaining he is committed to the ward, takes up the battle for a different ground. The conflict becomes non one between patient and nurse, but between release and limitation, life and motionlessness, and finally good and evil. In taking up this conflict on behalf of the patients, McMurphy gives them some of his bravery and assurance. These weren t the same clump of weak-knees from the nut-house that they d watched take their abuses on the dock this forenoon ( 194 ) , which was a phrase Bromden used to explicate how the patients had been changed by McMurphy. McMurphy is seen as a Jesus to the patients. Kesey uses other such spiritual imagination meagerly throughout the novel to show his subjects. First seen in Ellis who stands against the wall with weaponries outstretched # 8211 ; crucified. The EST tabular array is in the form of a cross which the patient is strapped to, and a Crown of irritants fastened to their caput to present the intervention. The whole readying of EST has parallels to crucifixion of Christ. [ McMurphy ] ascent on the tabular array without any aid and distribute his weaponries out to suit the shadow. A fink snaps the clasps on his carpuss, mortise joints, clamping him into the shadow. ( 218 ) . The fishing trip besides has spiritual intensions. As McMurphy leads the 12 patients/disciples towards the ocean, Ellis tells Billy Bibbit to be a fisher of work forces. Which was a phrase Christ used to state his adherents in winning converts to his cause. McMurphy carried the other patients hopes, dreams and aspirations up on himself. He carried their cross: We couldn t halt him because we were the 1s doing him make it. It wasn t the nurse that was coercing him, it was our demand that was doing him force himself easy up # 8230 ; obeying orders beamed at him from 40 Masterss. McMurphy besides, like Christ, both gave their lives that others might populate, when he was set about a leukotomy at the terminal of the novel. Kesey employs the usage of flashbacks to give the reader a more in depth position of the subjects associating to the Big Chief. We discover how he was raised and why he became cagey: it wasn t me that started moving deaf: it was people that first started moving like I was excessively dense to hear or see or state anything at all. ( 163 ) . We besides learn why he has such an affinity to mechanization and machinery, by explicating his linemans background and his robotic paranoia. Using this literary technique efficaciously, Kesey is able to convey subjects associating to the constructions and force per unit areas which society imposed on the Chief in his young person. Kesey besides intends the rubric of his book One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest to hold allegorical significance. The full babys room rime which the Chief recalls as a kid was as follows: Ting. Tingle, Tangle shiver toes, she s a good fisherman, gimmicks biddies, puts em inna pens # 8230 ; wireblier, supple lock, three geese inna flock # 8230 ; one flew E, one flew West, one flew over the cuckoos nest.. O-U-T enchantments out.. goose slides down and tweak you out. ( 224 ) Kesey uses this rime to spell out the underlying subject in his novel. That being of a adult male, McMurphy, who swoops over the cuckoos nest and plucks out the Chief to freedom. The nurse is symbolised as Tingle, Tangle tremble toes who locks the patients like biddies into a slow, elusive picking party. Kesey uses the rubric of the novel to give the reader non merely a lasting first feeling of the novel but besides to summarize the chief thoughts he intends his novel to convey. One Flew Over the Cuckoo # 8217 ; s Nest is a microcosmic expression at an single defying autocratic regulation on the evidences of a psychiatric ward. It is a cagey commentary on the bravery required to interrupt pre-conditioned limitations and dip caput foremost into release. Using a broad assortment of literary techniques Kesey successfully uses this novel as a platform to proclaim his subjects and thoughts which out subdivision out into the macrocosmic universe of mundane life.

Sociolinguistics free essay sample

It is the geographical boundary or delineation of a certain linguistic feature, e. g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociolinguistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses, e. g. the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; or the La Spezia-Rimini Line which divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central ones. One of the most well-known isoglosses is the Centum-Satem isogloss. A major isogloss in American English has been identified as the North-Midland isogloss, which demarcates numerous linguistic features, including the Northern Cities vowel shift, the isogloss separates rather than connects points of equal language. An isogloss refers to a specific type of language border. It is the geographical boundary or delineation of a certain linguistic feature, e. g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses, e. . the Benrath line that distinguishes High German from the other West Germanic languages; or the La Spezia-Rimini Line which divides the Northern Italian dialects from Central ones. One of the most well-known isoglosses is the Centum-Satem isogloss. 1. In DIALECT geography, an area within which a feature is used predominantly or exclusively. Such a feature (phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, lexical, or other) usually contras ts with some similar feature in adjoining areas. Thus, some native speakers of English pronounce /r/ after a vowel, as in barn, hard, car, while others do not: in the US this postvocalic /r/ is normally present in the Chicago area but absent in the Boston area. Such distinct areas are isoglosses. 2. More commonly, the line on a dialect map which bounds the area of a certain usage. In England, an isogloss that stretches from the mouth of the Severn to Portsmouth separates the area of initial spoken /v/ from that of /f/, as in vinger/finger, Vriday/Friday, the v-forms being south-west of the line. No two isoglosses coincide exactly; there is always a transition area of partial overlapping. Social dialect: Another important axis of differentiation is that of social strata. In many localities, dialectal differences are connected with social classes, educational levels, or both. More-highly educated speakers and, often, those belonging to a higher social class tend to use more features belonging to the standard language, whereas the original dialect of the region is better preserved in the speech of the lower and less-educated classes. In large urban centres, innovations unknown in the former dialect of the region frequently develop. Thus, in cities the social stratification of dialects is especially relevant and far-reaching, whereas in rural areas, with a conservative way of life, the traditional geographic dialectal differentiation prevails. Educational differences between speakers strongly affect the extent of their vocabulary. In addition, practically every profession has its own expressions, which include the technical terminology and sometimes also the casual words or idioms peculiar to the group. Slang too is characterized mainly by a specific vocabulary and is much more flexible than an ordinary dialect, as it is subject to fashion and depends strongly on the speaker’s age group. Slang—just as a professional dialect—is used mainly by persons who are in a sense bidialectal; i. e. , they speak some other dialect or the standard language, in addition to slang. Dialectal differences also often run parallel with the religious or racial division of the population. Regional dialect: A speech pattern that alerts the listener that you are from a specific region within the United States. It may include non-standard pronunciation, grammar, resonance, pitch, rate of speech, and differences in vocabulary. A few examples of regional dialects include the New York and Southern American dialects. A regional language is a language spoken in an area of a nation state, whether it be a small area, a federal state or province, or some wider area. Usually applies to the vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation characteristic of specific geographic localities or social classes. The vernacular is the informal everyday language spoken by a people. A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation, the term accent is appropriate, not dialect (although in common usage, dialect and accent are usually synonymous). A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place. Some examples are Hillbilly English (from the Appalachians in the USA) and Geordie (from Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK). A standard language (also standard dialect, standardized dialect, or standardised dialect) is a particular variety of a language that has been given either legal or quasi-legal status. As it is usually the form promoted in schools and the media, it is usually considered by speakers of the language to be more correct in some sense than other dialects. Usually, but not always, based on the tongue of a capital city, a standard language is defined by the selection of certain regional and class markers, and the rejection of others. This is the version of a language that is typically taught to learners of the language as a foreign language, and most texts written in that language follow its spelling and grammar norms. standard written language is sometimes termed by the German word Schriftsprache A Standard languages arise when a certain dialect begins to be used in written form, normally throughout a broader area than that of the dialect itself. The ways in which this language is used—e. g. , in administrative matters, literature, and economic life—lead to the minimization of linguistic variation. The social prestige attached to the speech of the richest, most powerful, and most highly educated members of a society transforms their language into a model for others; it also contributes to the elimination of deviating linguistic forms. Dictionaries and grammars help to stabilize linguistic norms, as do the activity of scholarly institutions and, sometimes, governmental intervention. The base dialect for a country’s standard language is very often the original dialect of the capital and its environs—in France, Paris; in England, London; in Russia, Moscow. Or the base may be a strong economic and cultural centre—in Italy, Florence. Or the language may be a combination of several regional dialects, as are German and Polish. Even a standard language that was originally based on one local dialect changes, however, as elements of other dialects infiltrate into it over the years. The actual development in any one linguistic area depends on historical events. Sometimes even the distribution of standard languages may not correspond to the dialectal situation. Dutch and Flemish dialects are a part of the Low German dialectal area, which embraces all of northern Germany, as well as The Netherlands and part of Belgium. In one part of the dialectal area, however, the standard language is based on High German, and in the other part the standard language is Dutch or Flemish, depending on the nationality of the respective populations. In the United States, where there is no clearly dominant political or cultural centre—such as London or Paris—and where the territory is enormous, the so-called standard language shows perceptible regional variations in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. All standard languages are in any case spoken in a variety of accents, though sometimes one particular accent (e. g. Received Pronunciation in Britain) may be most closely associated with the standard because of its shared social or educational origins. In most developed countries, the majority of the population has an active (speaking, writing) or at least passive (understanding) command of the standard language. Very often the rural population, and not uncommonly the lower social strata of the urban p opulation as well, are in reality bidialectal. They speak their maternal dialect at home and with friends and acquaintances in casual contacts, and they use the standard language in more formal situations. Even the educated urban population in some regions uses the so-called colloquial language informally. In the German-, Czech-, and Slovene-speaking areas of middle Europe, for example, a basically regional dialect from which the most striking local features have been eliminated is spoken. The use of this type of language is supported by psychological factors, such as feelings of solidarity with a certain region and pride in its traditions or the relaxed mood connected with informal behaviour. . Code-switching is a linguistics term denoting the concurrent use of more than one language, or language variety, in conversation. Multilinguals, people who speak more than one language, sometimes use elements of multiple languages in conversing with each other. Thus, code-switching is the syntactically and phonologically appropriate use of more than one linguistic variety. Code-switching is distinct from other language contact phenomena, such as borrowing, pidgins and creoles, loan translation (calques), and language transfer (language interference). Speakers form and establish a pidgin language when two or more speakers who do not speak a common language form an intermediate, third language. On the other hand, speakers practice code-switching when they are each fluent in both languages. Code mixing is a thematically related term, but the usage of the terms code-switching and code-mixing varies. Some scholars use either term to denote the same practice, while others apply code-mixing to denote the formal linguistic properties of said language-contact phenomena, and code-switching to denote the actual, spoken usages by multilingual persons. In the 1940s and the 1950s many scholars called code-switching a sub-standard language usage. Since the 1980s, however, most scholars have recognized it is a normal, natural product of bilingual and multilingual language use. In popular usage outside the field of linguistics the term code-switching is sometimes used to refer to relatively stable informal mixtures of two languages, such as Spanglish or Franponais, or to refer to dialect or style-shifting, such as that practiced by speakers of African American Vernacular English as they move from less formal to more formal settings. Code-switching refers to alternating between one or more languages or dialects. It also occurs within a particular language. We use different forms of expression depending on the person we are speaking to and where we are speaking to that person. There are different degrees of formality and informality. Many times in English there is more than one way of pronouncing. Some people whose first language is English decide how they are going to speak by the context within which they are speaking. Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to alternating between one or more languages or dialects. Code-switching is the practice of moving between variations of languages in different contexts. This article explains the history of code-switching, explores important literature on the subject, and discusses approaches to language response in the classroom. Code-switching is the practice of moving between variations of languages in different contexts. Everyone who speaks has learned to code-switch depending on the situation and setting. In an educational context, code-switching is defined as the practice of switching between a primary and a secondary language or discourse. In a diglossic situation, some topics and situations are better suited to one language over another. Joshua Fishman proposes a domain-specific code-switching model (later refined by Blom and Gumperz) wherein bilingual speakers choose which code to speak depending on where they are and what they are discussing. For example, a child who is a bilingual Spanish-English speaker might speak Spanish at home and English in class, but Spanish at recess. Code switching refers to the switching between two or more different languages in a single conversation. This occurs when a bilingual person uses both languages to communicate with another person. It happens consciously as well as sub-consciously. In most cases both the people in the conversation are conversant with both languages. The switch from one language to the other can last for a single phrase to a few sentences. The switch is made mainly due to the mood of the speaker or he/she might feel that a particular part of the conversation can be best conveyed by switching to another language. The switch might also happen because the person does not know the appropriate word or phrase in a particular language. Code switching happens very often in ethnic minority communities in different countries. E. g. It is prevalent in the Indian and Hispanic communities in the United States. Pidgin is often confused with code switching but it differs because it refers to the mixing up of two different languages in a single word. In 1977, Carol Myers-Scotton and William Ury identified code-switching as the â€Å"use of two or more linguistic varieties in the same conversation or interaction. † Scholars use different names for various types of code-switching. Citation needed] Intersentential switching occurs outside the sentence or the clause level (i. e. at sentence or clause boundaries). Intra-sentential switching occurs within a sentence or a clause. Tag-switching is the switching of either a tag phrase or a word, or both, from language-B to language-A, (common intra-sentential switches). Intra-word switching occurs within a word, itself, such as at a morpheme boundary. Patois is any language t hat is considered nonstandard, although the term is not formally defined in linguistics. It can refer to pidgins, creoles, dialects, and other forms of native or local speech, but not commonly to jargon or slang, which are vocabulary-based forms of cant. Class distinctions are embedded in the term, drawn between those who speak patois and those who speak the standard or dominant language used in literature and public speaking, They are synonymous, but patois implies that it is the dialect of a region or a group (such as thieves), differing in various respects from the standard language of the country. — ORIGIN French, ‘rough speech’. The slang or informal speech used by a particular social

Essay on INFORMATION NETWORKS AS ENTERPRISE GLUE

Essay on INFORMATION NETWORKS AS ENTERPRISE GLUE Essay on INFORMATION NETWORKS AS ENTERPRISE GLUE Essay on INFORMATION NETWORKS AS ENTERPRISE GLUEToday, many users create their own home networks, which they want to run smoothly. However, beginners may face considerable problems, while developing their networks. In this regard, the development of the network between several PCs or laptops is not the main challenge but the emergence of new devices and software raises the problem of their compatibility but users still want to have all their devices connected and united within one network. Facing the similar problem, I attempted to find out how easy it is to connect different devices at home to create a well-functioning network.I approached the problem from the standpoint of the beginner, who has no experience in networking. My first step was to identify what I actually want from my network. To answer this question I had to determine, which devices I have at my disposal which I would like to connect into my home network. I decided to connect the devices which I had at hand, including my laptop, my tablet and iPhone. In such a way, I have got three devices which I intended to connect together and to get a network running perfectly. At first glance, the task was simple since I had to create the simple wireless network because all the three devices had the option of wireless networking.However, the first problem I faced was the connecting my three devices which all had three different operation systems. Frankly, I do not pay much attention to the operation system I used since I can grow accustom to any of them. This is why, I did not even try to synchronize operation systems of my devices, which I used on the regular basis. This is why I have got three devices with three operation systems. On analyzing the situation, I considered that I may have problems with the compatibility of the three devices which had different operation systems. This is why I decided to refer to internet for assistance looking for a free advisor or any sort of online help which could get fo r free since the problem did not seem too complex for me.At first, I tried to google the information which I wanted to find but results which I obtained did not seem to me quite reliable and credible. This is why I decided to focus on more specialized online resources. My next step was the selection of the website providing the technical support. I did almost randomly, although I skimmed through the list of websites singling out those website which offered their services for free or, at least promised that their services will be free of charge. After that I selected one of the top-rated sites, Tech Support Guy, and clicked on the link to access that website. At first, I have got the generation information about the website from the Techsupportalert team, and after that I finally get the link to the official website of Tech Support Guy. As I entered the website, I looked through it in an attempt to find any information relevant to my problem. There were some FAQs, forums, and other l inks which could potentially give me the answer to my question. However, I decided not to waste my time on surfing the website. Instead, I just typed in â€Å"home network different OS† in the search field. I have got a list of threads, where this issue was discussed by users. At the top of the list, there was the thread â€Å"Creating a network with multiple OS†. So I clicked on the link and entered the thread, where I have got the detailed information on how to create a network connecting multiple operation system. The threat provided the detailed, step by step information how to create the network and make all devices compatible, regardless of the different operation systems used. In such a way, on conducting a relatively brief search, I have found the free tech support website that gave the answer to my question concerning the creation of the home network using devices with different operation systems installed.Thus, today, users will hardly face any difficulties w hile finding the technical support online. At any rate, they can get information they need relatively fast, unless they need really complex solutions to serious problems.

Amazon.com

Amazon’s model is not suited for their perpetual growth in coming years. Amazon must consider investing some of its substantial cash reserves to diversify its portfolio of businesses to help protect them against the ever-changing technological and consumer patterns by creating new avenues for revenue growth. Amazon posted a small but unexpected loss in the second quarter of 2013, as it continues to spend heavily on fulfillment centers and digital content. Amazon.com lost $7 million, 2 cents a share, after earning $7 million, 2 cents a share, a year earlier. Amazon can roll out an online payments option that lets shoppers make purchases on websites by logging in with their regular Amazon accounts. Their very own service such as PayPal. By doing this they will benefit their company the most because in the past customers had to separately enter their account details for each purchase made at one of Amazons third-party retailers. Now, Amazon could enable companies to make millions of Amazon customers their customers by inviting online shoppers with Amazon credentials to access their account information safely and securely with a single login. This alternative will also enable Amazon to have a better control on their customer base. The only drawback of this alternative is that Amazon will encounter competition from services such as PayPal.

Terra Firms ITSM Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Terra Firms ITSM Process - Essay Example The warranty associated with file sharing includes an ability to deliver files containing important information safely without compromising the integrity of the information contained in the file. File sharing should be fit for use to guarantee warranty. The file sharing system should appeal to all the stakeholders sharing the files. Site, which falls under video conferencing category has the utility of providing a venue in which video conferencing is held. It has the utility of providing a mechanism in which different stakeholders can communicate between field offices in U.S, Europe and other places to the headquarters. The warranty expected is primarily the potentiality of the site to offer efficient web conferencing via ISDN. Field office help desk, which falls under PC support, seeks to provide localized customer care service and only call the head office for higher-level support. Utility expected is for the field office help desk to offer efficient customer service support without fail. As a warranty, the field office help desk should work seamlessly at all times and should be able to address a variety of issues presented by the customers. The testing lab falls under Software engineering. The primary utility includes providing efficient and effective testing mechanisms for production processes, manufacturing, as well as information management systems. The expected warranty includes providing up to date testing standards, authentic, and reliable set of measurement standards over a long period. Production control should satisfy the utility of ensuring all factors of production follow stipulated standards while it offers a warranty of quality and optimal production at all times.

Obama and the Historical Left Wing Attacks on 2nd Amendment Rights Research Paper

Obama and the Historical Left Wing Attacks on 2nd Amendment Rights - Research Paper Example In addition, the paper also has details on the role of the Supreme Court and effects of Obama reelection on the status of the Second Amendment1. The individualism of the Second Amendment has what has brought the modern debate on the issue of owning arms and guns. The State is recognized as supreme and individuals that exist are there to serve the State. Therefore, these freedoms are granted by the State, which act as a protector and provider for individuals and groups. The Democratic Party from the Clinton administration up to the current Obama’s administration has had several attacks on the second amendment. The Clinton administration officials and Obama Attorney General co signed an amicus succinct in the District of Columbia v. Heller. The brief signed was in support of DC’s ban on all hand guns. In addition, the ban was on any use of firearm for self defense at the homes. In the brief, it was argued that the second amendment was a united right, instead of, an indivi dual right. However, the modern day freedom patriots and founders of America saw it differently. The amendment was not put to protect hunters and sportsmen2. The amendment was to protect the individual right of freedom, and further, it was to protect an individual from a dictatorial State. More guns are needed in the communities since citizens ought to be armed and taught how to use the weapons for the nation to be free. However, the obstacle to this objective is the Constitutional right of the American people to bear and keep arms. The keeping of the arms can prevent the government from oppressing the citizens. This is because people will have the guns at their disposal any time the government tries to oppress them. The solution to the gun problem lies in the implementation of the constitution. The ownership of the arms is to be restricted with legislation. The government is trying to replace the 20,000 federal, local, and state gun laws. This is done by prohibiting or controlling of arms with laws3. The second amendment proponents for gun control are trying to strip the constitutional rights of the Americans to bear and own arms. This is being done by advocating for piece-by-piece and step-by-step dismantling of the amendment. This call to dismantle the Constitution is to transfer power from the people to the hands of the minority ruling elite. The gun control laws started way back in 1934 when a Federal Gun Control Act was passed. This law restricted the sale of automatic weapons like machine guns to the citizens. In 1938, another act followed that prohibited the people convicted of felony from possessing weapons. In addition, all the dealers and sellers were to be licensed. These laws induced gun control and restricted availability of guns to the people of America. Another act of 1968, on gun control, regulated the use of imported weapons. In addition, those who were mentally stable, minors, those convicted of a felony, and the people who used illegal guns were forbidden from possessing weapons. The Brandy Handgun Violence Prevention act was put in place in 1994. This act placed a five day waiting period for those who wanted to purchase weapons. There are State laws that have been put in place regarding the second amendment. Most states consider it a crime to leave weapons in a place that can be accessed by

Computer Virus Essay Example for Free

Computer Virus Essay The emergence of technological innovations such as the advent of computer and computer programs, also paved way for the birth of certain viruses that can disrupt software programs. These viruses infect a program and allow it to spread from one computer to the others (â€Å"Viruses†). As it transfers from one computer to another, it leaves complications or ailments that like human viruses, has varying degrees of severity. Some are merely designed to annoy the computer user while others can destroy the entire computer hardware (Beal). Viruses may be categorized as a worm, Trojan or just a virus. A worm is quite similar to a virus, but unlike a virus that needs human intervention in order for it to spread, worms can spread on its own. It has the capacity to replicate itself and travel from one hardware to another through the transport features of the computer’s system. Because of its replicating capacity it poses harm as it can slow down the computer the moment it becomes multitude (Beal). A Trojan on the other hand does not replicate as viruses and worms do. They appear at first as some legitimate program or file but the moment it is ran in the computer it can create various damage. Sometimes they are made to annoy while other can seriously destroy the computer by deleting files or programs. It can also create backdoors that can give other users access to the system that may give away personal or confidential information (Beal). Most of the time, these malicious programs spread with human intervention. When viruses cling onto a file and was run in the computer, it automatically spreads in the system of that computer.Trojans spread in the same way, while worms replicate itself in the system, to another system and to another. Works Cited Beal, Vangie. 2007. The Difference Between a Computer Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse. Webopedia. 11 November, 2008 http://www. webopedia. com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2004/virus. asp. Brain, Marshall. n. d. How Computer Viruses Work. HowStuffWorks. 11 November 2008 http://computer. howstuffworks. com/virus2. htm. Viruses. n. d. Kasperskylab. 11 November 2008 http://www. kaspersky. com/virusinfo.

Charlotte Bronte :: Free Essays Online

Charlotte Bronte Charlotte Brontà «, born in 1816 at Thornton, Yorkshire, is known for her short but fulfilling career as a novelist in Victorian England. Suffering tragedies within her lifetime that quickly would have restrained many from prosperity, Charlotte was capable of redirecting the pain of her afflictions into a creative energy that she used to etch an existence that provided her with fame. Tragically, she suffered the loss of her mother at the very young age of five, and was then forced to endure the deaths of her four sisters and her brother throughout the following years of her life. Understandably, much of her existence "was spent in mourning, in a struggle against the grim realities which surrounded her -- abandonment, brutalization, emotional deprivation, death and the search for reality, for her own identity" (Cody). Eventually, these very ordeals become the foundation for Charlotte's success. After a number of unfulfilling career attempts as an educator, Charlotte proposed the collaboration of a collection of poems to her two surviving sisters. They accepted, and in 1846, the trio published their first book, Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Due to the unfavorable reactions to female writers at this time, Charlotte, Emily and Anne felt it necessary to assume male pseudonyms. They utilized the names of Currer, Ellis, and Acton, respectively, in order to disguise their gender. This attempt did not aid in the public notice of the amateur novelists, so thinking it better if they separated, continued to write exclusively while retaining their male pseudonyms. In the same year Charlotte completed her first independent creation titled The Professor, which she was unable to publish during her lifetime. However, this did not dishearten the artist. She immediately began writing a second novel, which in the following year would yield such fame that Charlotte herself was amazed. This is the famous text of Jane Eyre, an autobiographical account of Charlotte's own life, which not only solidified Charlotte's position among her literary companions but also secured the achievement that Charlotte so desperately sought. The form that the plot of Jane Eyre follows is commonly referred to as a Bildungsroman. The Bedford Glossary of Critical and Literary Terms defines this as "a novel that recounts the development (psychological and sometimes spiritual) of an individual from childhood to maturity, to the point at which the main character recognizes his or her place and role in the world" (31).

Analysis the operations management of Starbucks Essay

Operations management concentrates on managing process. All operations focus on the process of input, transformation and output. Operations management will concern about the cost of ingredients, labor requirements, and customer satisfaction. (Heizer, J, p, 39). So all the operators need to concentrate on some main objects of operations management such as capacity, quality, variability, and queuing. They should treat the task of balancing the supply with demand as their primary work. This essay will introduce the idea of how the operations are performed in Starbucks and how the relation between supply and demand is influenced. In the first section it will clarify the capacity and demand management. Regarding the second section it will point out the method in Starbucks to balance the supply and demand in quality aspect. Quality is the soul of a company,said Schurz in 2003. And the author can not agreed any more about this. For the final section it will discuss about the strategies whic h made by Starbucks to eliminate the problems occurred in queuing. Capacity management used to be called â€Å"demand management† (Crandall and Markland, 1996) or â€Å"managing capacity and demand† (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2004). Capacity management attempts to ensure the service runs well and satisfy the visitors’ requirements(Klassen and Rohleder, 2002). In terms of MRP, namely the material requirement planning, MRP is a manufacturing project as well as practical technology. It begins with defining products based on forecasting of market demands and customers’ order. Following this, a plan based on the producing progress of products, products’ material form and stock situation is formed. With the help of computer to calculate the needed amount and time, it then can clarify the manufacture progress and order schedule (Ptak, 2011). Starbucks uses an algorithm named thousand dollar consumption algorithm to calculate the safety material consumption for the next week. This model is applicable for them to make a short term forecast of the material consumption. The best consequence they want most is a smooth rising average. Using the usage amount of weekly material given weekly sale then multiple the next weekly forecasting sales and then multiply 1.15 is the result of safe storage  amount (Starbucks, 2006). A service is an intangible and insubstantial product that cannot be touched or tasted. Services are behaviors, actions and activities (Valarie, Mary, and Dwayne, P. 4). Compare to product, there is no need for transport and storage of service. The world’s largest coffee company, Starbucks, has 18000 stores in over 60 countries and over 200000 employees. To support this global business, the company made a success of how they organized their delivery of their services and goods. The purpose of Starbucks’ is to make a positive impact of one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. Quality used to be the most difficult concept to define. However, the hospitality industry has experienced the increasingly fierce competitions about higher service quality as time goes by (Parayani et al, 2010). In the same way, Starbucks need to pay more attention on what customers want the most from the service delivery. And the customers care more about the things they experienced in current hospitality industry. Total quality management(TQM) becomes a more and more significant business management method which is related with hospitality service(Feigenbaum, 1986). This method is aimed at satisfying customers, benefiting all the members of the organization as well as making good contributions to the society(Parasuraman, Zeithaml& Berry., 1988). It concentrates its attention on product and service quality together with the degree of devotion of members. The total quality management concerns about one process, four stages and eight sections. The management system of Starbucks can be seen as a proper instance to analyze this total quality management concept. As for the one process of Starbucks, the enterprise is ought to meet the different working tasks during different time periods. Every business behavior of the enterprise has a whole process of emerging, forming, conducting and verifying(Greasley, 2010). One specific example is that the quality of beverage of Starbucks is strictly evaluated in different ways, such as the temperate, the taste, and the look of the beverage. The evaluation has its  specific requirement rather than basing on the personal preference of the staff. During different making time and considering several kinds of beverages, different evaluating rules are applied. It displays the fact that Starbucks follow the â€Å"one process† rule in total quality management. In view of the four stages, total quality management points out a cycle system called PDCA cycle. This cycle system performs in the form of planning, doing, checking and acting. In normal situation, the producing process of a beverage needs the effort of planning what material will be adopted, checking the availability of the material and then using it to make the product. Any of these four stages cannot be skipped because any of them has an important impact on final results. There arises the concept of eight sections following the four stages. It begins with analyzing the current performance of the firm to spot the potential quality problems and ends with conclu ding the experience, strengthening the achievement and standardizing the working results. Based on the total quality management, a model named SERVQUAL comes in to being. This model is a new method to evaluate the service quality in hospitality industry(Bojanic, 1994). Its central point is the service quality gap model, namely that service quality is depending on the gap between the aspiration service level of guests and the actual service level they experience(Pitt, 1997). The SERVQUAL model can be simply seen as this formula: the result of SERVQUAL is equal with the actual experiencing result minus expectation result. The higher the SERVQUAL result is, the better service quality is. SERVQUAL is divided the service quality into five aspects: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy(Zeithaml, 1990). Tangibles should have modern service facility, wide attraction of service facility, clear uniform of members and the factor of provided service matching with firms’ facility. Considering the Starbucks, it has the outstanding coffee producing facility, cleaning store environment, quality monitoring system that can meet the international standard. More importantly, the staffs in Starbucks are required to wear the cleaning and green aprons. This requirement not only reflects the idea of environmental protection and healthy pursuing, but also meets the demands of tangibles, which asks the firm to have the clear uniform of  members(Zeithaml, 1996). In view of reliability, it is the ability to correctly and reliable to conduct the service commitment. It includes the requirement of meeting the deadline of promised the service commitment, showing the care and helping the guests when they face the problem and recording the activities and transactions correctly. Starbucks has set a ta rget that the coffee in Starbucks will be authenticated and monitored by the third independent professional party before 2015. There are two requirements considering the coffee producing of Starbucks. The one is that the purchasing process should be legal and reasonable and the coffee cropping process should be responsible. In fact, Starbucks manage to follow such rule, as can be seen from the evidence that it has formed the moral purchasing system called C.A.F.E system. Such behavior shows the fact that Starbucks manage to take the social responsibility, which can help to increase the reliability of the firm and help to build more satisfying reputation. As for the responsiveness, it relates with the wish to improve the service standard when receiving the suggestions from customers. Starbucks has its own unique customer recovery system. To be more precise, if the customers is not satisfied with the product they buy or the service they experience, staff in Starbucks will give them customer recovery coupon as a kind of method to compensate. Besides this, the staffs also follow the listening principle that requires the staff to listen to the feedback from the customers and take relevant actions to solve the issues. In addition, staff should thank for the feedback from customers, no matter it is positive or negative. This recovery system plays an important role in dealing with the customers’ needs and shows high degree of responsiveness inside the Starbucks. With regard to assurance, it concerns about the workers’ degree of confidence and ability to display their knowledge and courtesy. The members in Starbucks are asked to follow the 5B principle. The 5B principle is to be considerate, welcoming, genuine, involved, and knowledgeable. To be considerate is to try to care for others and the whole environment. To be welcoming is to welcome every guest warmly, making them have the sense of belongings. To be genuine is to sincerely contact with guests and build the positive relationship with guests. To be involved is to devote the heart  into work and have the motivation to build a better Starbucks. To be knowledgeable is to be specific about the work and love the work(Starbucks, 2012). It is obvious that having such assurance inside the Starbucks, the operations inside the firm is und er a promising pattern, which is able to develop the quality management level. Finally, it is the concept of empathy, which means that the companies are required to care for guests together with providing the personal service. Applying this ides to Starbucks, workers in Starbucks welcome the guests individually and then kindly ask for the needs of the guests and provide the first-class service for them. Without these operations, operators can not spot in which the service gap exists and then figure out how to eliminate it(Christopher, 2006). Customer’s satisfaction is a very important demand in a hospitality industry(Robledo, 2001). The design of the hospitality industry is mainly divided into two aspects, the physical environment and the servicescape. Especially nowadays, the servicescape play a very important role in the customer’s perceptions. The hospitality, particularly hotels, should make their design and plan match the marketing and customer’s anticipation (Bitner, 1992). So, the core business value of Starbucks is to create a certain servicescape named â€Å"Third Space†(Starbucks, 2012). The third space is defined as shopping and leisure space distinguishing from living space and working space that are marked as the first space and second space individually. In order to improve the life quality, it is a key point to improve the quality of third space. As for Starbucks, it aims to expand the third space for customers. the workers in Starbucks devote themselves to provide more warm atm osphere for customers through sincerely communication and first-class service. Thus, Starbucks is more like a space for relaxing rather than just a coffee store . Under the nine-to-five working form as for most people, it is a real need for them to have an additional relaxing place and Starbucks well provides this kind of space due to its value of providing third space for customers. This value has won more and more popularity among customers. There are some knowledge of the waiting lines called queuing theory, which is a very important part of the operations management, and it is a very effective tool that every operators need to know. The most common discipline of queue is â€Å"FCFS†, which means first come first service; also it  is the same as first in first service. The Structure of a waiting line system has three parts: arrivals, queue discipline and the service facility. So, considering the arrival characteristics, it is mainly divided into three major characteristics: amount of the arrival population, behavior of arrivals and the mode of arrivals. There are two most important characteristics involving in the form of the service system and the allocation of the service time. And the basic queuing system can be divided into several models: single channel queuing system, multiple channel system, single phase system and multiple channel system (Heizer, J., p. 773). A service facility can be seen as a channel, it usually can be one open teller or a check out service. And different customers’ demand makes different phases of the queuing models. Also the queuing cost is quiet important, the operators must recognize that there are mainly divided into two parts of the queuing cost, the cost of providing good quality services and the cost of the lost of waiting time(Gross, 2008). But if a manager want to ensure the quality of the products, sometimes the queuing cost is necessary(Hayes, 2011). However, it is very important to balance the savings in service cost(Prabhu, 1997). But to minimize the cost of lost time waiting, Starbucks usually will arrange a senior partner to chat with customers, care about their demands, asking about the customized order then mark it to the partners in the bar counter, save time for both customers and the store. Also this senior partner will arrange some activities according to the queuing condition and his own experience. This partner’s job is to distract customers’ attention. By using this time, the partner can introduce the new product to the customers and send some free giveaway d rinks and dessert. Usually the free giveaway drinks will be the drinks which are new to the market. Also this partner can seize this opportunity to promote the member card of Starbucks and the items on the cabinets, which are thoughtfully placed exactly beside the queue lines. Because of the characteristic of service that cannot be storage and service takes time and the time is variable, also the customers often arrives at variable time. Therefore, the limited of the service capacity caused the bottlenecks in the process. In Starbucks, there is a special character  called Floater. Floater is like a free man that does not have a fixed work. Floater’s duty is to make sure everything goes fine. There are often two tellers in a Starbucks’ store, and the Floater’s fundamental job is to guide the customers wait in line and make sure the queue goes smooth, then get to know the customers’ demands then marks it down on the beverage cups within their own special marks which made by Starbucks, this work will efficiently relieve the pressure of partners who works inside the bar. Also the floater needs to notice the whole store, make some operational flexibility measures to ensure the positive operation of the store. One of the operations management’s main functions is to concern about the process design. The process of operation is to transform the input resources into output services and products. Process design can not only improve one’s quality, but also optimize the capacity of the hospitality organisation. Process shortening is also a very important operation about saving customers’ time and improving customers’ satisfaction. So the Starbucks made a model called â€Å"Four Classes Beverage Procedure†. This model segment the beverage according to the quantity level of the beverages in waiting queue that is needed to be made during the service time. So the average making time of the first class drink is approximate 45 seconds, while the second, third, and fourth class needs 37, 30, 25 seconds separately. The higher the class, the more time is spent on making the drink. The serving time of the first class demands one staff, which is required to make from zero to five cups of drink alone. It is allowed to make only two cups one time in this procedure. More importantly, it is a need for the staff to contact with waiting customers during the making time of the drink. This rule makes good contributions to the customers’ satisfaction, because it alleviates the impatience of the waiting customers. Service is unable to be stocked and is needed to be created immediately when customers come. Queues are caused by variable arrival and processing rates(Cochran, 2008). According to this, the likelihood of increasing the customers’ demands is accumulated. In terms of the second, third, fourth class, the difference relays on the number of required staff and beverages to be made. However, these four-class procedures share a common factor that the staff is required to have a contact with waiting customers. It is a core idea associated with culture of Starbucks. This idea has positive influence to increase customers’  satisfaction of the brand, thus raising the demand of customers. As more customers coming, the supply of the Starbucks should be added in order to balance the relation between supply and demand. Quality is the soul of a company, and the author can not agreed any more about this. This essay clarified the elements which are needed to balance the supply and demand in a hospitality organisation. Starbucks, the world leading coffee retail company, did a great job to balance the supply and demand in service quality aspect by using the 5B principle. The Starbucks applied some operations and services management theories which are already talked about in this essay, such as TQM and the SERVQUAL to balance the supply and demand between company and customers. Also according to author’s experience and observation, quality and capacity management is very important in the operations management indeed. WHY USING THE FOLLOWING REFERENCE: By using the model SERVQUAL which proposed by Parasuraman et al. (1985), the author can clearly clarify the characteristics of Starbucks combine with the author’s own experience and observation. It also helped the author to systematic describe how Starbucks manipulate their quality management. TQM can be seen as a basic measurement of quality,which is widely adopted by the service industry. The author thinks Starbucks also used this to justify their goods and services. Quality is the soul of a company. The author can not agreed any more about this. The servicescape theory is widely accepted and used by many people, and many operations strategies are emerged based on servicescape. REFERNCE: Brown, S. W. And Swartz, T. A.(1989), A gap Analysis of professional service quality, Journal of Marketing, 53, (2), pp. 92-96. Christopher, L., Jochen, W. and Jayanta, C. (2006), Marketing of services, people, technology, strategy, Pearson education, pp. 393-395. Cochran, J. K. and K. Roche. (2008), A Queuing-Based Decision Support Methodology to Estimate Hospital Inpatient Bed Demand, Journal of the Operational Research Society 59, No. 11 Crandall, R., Markland, R., 1996. Demand management: today’s challenge for service industries. Production and Operations Management 5 (1), 106-120. Feigenbaum, A.V. (1986) Total Quality Control, McGraw-Hill. Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons (2011) Service Management: Operations, Stratehy, Information Technology, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill. Greasley (2010), Operations Management, 2nd Edition, Wiley, Chapter 11. Gross, Donald, John F. Shortle, James M. Thompson, and Carl M. Harris., (2008) Fundamentals of Queuing Theory, 4th edition. New York. Hayes, D. K. & Miller, A.A. (2011), Revenue management for the Hospitality Industry, John Wiley, Chapter 6. Heizer, J., Render, B., (2007), Operations Management, Prentice Hall, pp. 571-582. Parasuaraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A. And Berry, L. L (1988), A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality, Journal of retailing, 64(1), pp. 12-40. Parayani, K., Masoudi, A. And Cudney, E. (2010), QFD application in hospitality industry – a hotel case study, Quality Management Journal, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 7-28 Prabhu, N. U., (1997), Foundations of Queuing Theory, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands. Ptak, Carol & Smith, Chad (2011). Orlicky’s MRP 3rd edition, New York, McGraw-Hill, 2011, p. 31 Robledo, M. A.(2001), Measuring and managing service quality: integrating customer expectations, Managing Service Quality, 11, pp. 22-32. Slack, N., et al (2010), Operations Management, 6th Edition, Wiley, Chapters 1,3,5 and 7 Valarie A. Zeithaml, Mary Jo Bitner, and Dwayne D. Gremler, (2006), Services Marketing. 4th ed., New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 4. Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996), The behavioral consequences of service quality, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 31-46. Zeithaml, V. A. And Bitner, M. J. (2003), Service Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus across the Firm, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Houstons Land Use Policy Essay

Houston is a large city with very unique qualities that most cities cannot even begin to understand, but is this just Houstonian pride talking? No, actually one of the unique qualities that Houston has is how we handle our land use planning. Houston is well known for not having any zoning ordinances, which has become a well-known topic for a while now. People argue weather our lack of zoning is chaotic, unorthodox, or independent and distinct. Another unique quality that we have is where our political culture stands. Dr. Elazar’s â€Å"Individualistic – Traditionalistic† study of political culture talks about three categories moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic, which entails what category Texas falls in and why. This study of Political culture can help relate to reasons why Houston lacks at land use planning and whether it is for the best or worse. The land use planning in Houston is different from other cities because we don’t have zoning o rdinance, meaning that we can have for example â€Å"the fanciest restaurant in town right next to a tattoo parlor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ,UH of Architecture Dean Patricia Oliver. Other cities have a different system that involves color-coded maps that let people know where and what they can and can’t have in those properties. Cities that have regulations do it because they believe that if the government doesn’t tell them what to do with the land it would be chaotic. Houston, on the other hand thinks that property owners decide what works best for their property not the government. Even though everything seems unrestricted in Houston we do have a form of organizing certain areas like neighborhoods with â€Å"deed restrictions† where owners voluntarily agree to certain restrictions when they buy property. We also have â€Å"property rights† which means that one the government cannot tell you what to do with your land. Due to the system that Houston uses to administer the land use, most housing becomes affordable an example is also the way Houston evaded the real estate bubble. The broader picture to Houston is that it comes from the biggest state in the U.S, Texas. Texas has a vast amount of people and within these people there  are different types of mindsets but there are also similar ones things like this are what describe are Political culture which the book, Texas Politics 12th edition, defines it as a shared system of values, beliefs and habits of behavior with regard about politics. Dr. Elazar describes political culture as everyone being impacted by the beliefs and values of the dominant groups in society; these groups can range in between three categories of political culture moralistic, Individualistic, and traditionalistic. According to the book, moralistic political culture is when citizens understand the state and the nation as commonwealths designed to further the shared interest of everyone. In Individualistic political culture, citizens understand the state and the nation as marketplaces in which people strive to better their personal welfare, citizen participation is encouraged. In Traditionalistic political culture, citizens technically believe in democracy, but emphasize respect to elite rule within a hierarchal society and citizen participation is not encouraged. Texas stands right in between Individualistic and Traditionalistic in the scale of political culture. Texas is a midpoint between individualistic and traditionalistic; some people think that there is a correlation between the zoning and the political culture in Houston, Texas. Research has shown that the state has a very strong business oriented perspective which means they’re more open to the ideas of the public, Individualistic. This explains how in Houston we don’t have the government tell us where we can do with our property we can put any business where we please. The traditionalistic culture in Texas comes from the way the elite groups are the ones that rule, this idea is active through the projection of restriction with â€Å"deed restrictions† and â€Å"Property rights† where the majority choose what they want or only approve of government activity if they favor to their likings. The land use planning in Houston is unique compared to other cities in the U.S. We have no zoning restrictions meaning we chose where we want are properties and what we do with them. The only exception is when the majority of people make a decision on what can happen on a certain area like a neighborhood. The political culture of Texas, which is in between individualistic and traditionalistic and it is portrayed in the land use planning in Houston. Citations Newell, Charldean, David F. Prindle, and James W. Riddlesperger. â€Å"Texas Political Culture.†Texas Politics. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print. Teas, Anderew. â€Å"HCC Eagle Online: Login to the Site.† HCC Eagle Online: Login to the Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.

International 80s Cinema essays

International 80's Cinema essays This decade did not have any important new movements, except for the British film industry which had which experienced a renaissance. The British film were a blending of the old and the new. These films were done with great craftsmanship. Even the best movies of this era were only moderately successful in the box offices. British films are going form beginning to move away from being conservative. Many of their movies are beginning to have a lot of sexual orientation on them. The British working class did not like the movies that were being produced . They said that they had everything ugly in them including the kitchen sink. The three most prominent directors of great Britain during this time was James Ivory, Bill Forsyth, Stephen Frears. The most important director of Western Europe was Spains Pedro Almodovar. He was not much of a story teller but more likely to put lose ends of comic together. Most of his movies consisted of sex and drugs. The French only produced a few outstanding films during this era. French director Paul Venhoeven directes both Robo Cop and total recall. The movies of West Germany are not as harsh as the 70s. A lot of their movies were love stories and other topics such as this nature, The Soviet Union, Poland, and Hungary produced the overwhelming majority of noteworthy movies(509). Movies were release that had been shelved by regimes because they felt they shouldnt be allowed to be seen . Polish movies were centered around politics, because there country was gong through many changes during this time. Not many movies were liked because they were boring. Directors of third world countries had many problems. There first problem was rare that they had the capital to make the movies. If they were able to make the movies most of their actors only spoke a regional language and the movie could only be understood by a small amount of p ...

Alone Together by Sherry Turkle Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alone Together by Sherry Turkle - Research Paper Example Forming social networks is an inherent trait, rather an inherent need, of all human beings. Such social networks may include our family, our friends and our colleagues. Today we can share any kind of information with our social network using social networking websites such as Face book, Twitter and YouTube through blogs, forums, video, audio, photos, online profiles and status updates. In the last few years social networking and social media sharing has gained immense popularity amongst millions of users worldwide. (Kaplan, 2010) The presence of IT has revolutionized each and every aspect of our lives. Not a single aspect of modern man’s life has been left untouched by the sweeping presence of IT in the form of the computer, the internet and the social media. Despite the uncountable gifts of the IT age, the over-involvement in the use of IT as a social ambassador has a flip side to it, which has been discussed at length in Alone Together, a remarkable work by MIT technology specialist Sherry Turkle. The work sums up the author’s fifteen-year-long study of human lives in the digital age. The arguments presented by the author are based on her interviews with hundreds of children and adults regarding their use of technology and its impact on their interpersonal relationships. The book discusses the instabilities that have crept into the modern day relationships owing to digitization and how they have modified the aligned concepts of privacy, relationship and community. The thesis of this paper is that Sherry Turkle is convincing in her argument that our growing dependence on social media technology has eventually led to the destruction of our humanity. In the first half of her book, Turkle talks about social robots, or the sci-fi machines that apparently possess all human-like qualities required to facilitate our day-to-day chores. But the author

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail Assignment

Dr. Kings Letter from the Birmingham Jail - Assignment Example o gauged by commentaries in Bible which became apparent after Professor Glenn Sunshine’s and Professor Robert George’s discussion referring to the beliefs of equality in Christianity. Even though these commentaries, necessarily, do not coincide with the practices of social segregation on the name of religion or ethnicity, the ideologies hidden beneath the meaning of these commandments indicate Jesus’ message towards human equality irrespective of their belief of God through Jesus Christ or any other pronouncer of truth as per the scriptures. The phrase â€Å"work of the law† in this respect directs the compassion or sentiments perceived by a human character to abide by the norms mentioned in his believed scriptures treating those as God’s law and act accordingly. This further resembles the prominence of such beliefs being imbibed within a human character and the society at large which is phrased as â€Å"written in their hearts†. As was explained by Craig Bluemel, followers of Jesus Christ have often misunderstood the commandments to inscribe a segregation of the followers of Jesus from the believers of another pronouncer of Godâ€℠¢s verses. In his words, â€Å"...Christians say that unless a person repents and believes in God ONLY thru Jesus Christ, that he or she is going to spend eternity in hell... For years, I avoided answering this question directly, because, quite frankly, I had no proof from Scripture that such a notion by Christians exists (i.e. that God sends people to hell that never hear the gospel)† (Bluemel, â€Å"Q & A Series: Please explain Romans 2:14-15†). A quite similar depiction can be obtained from the social phenomenon inscribed in Dr. King Jr.’s letter, where tribes were being segregated on the basis of their â€Å"work of the law† built with strong belief on God through Jesus Christ or rather Christianity; thus indicating social segregation grounded on racial as well as religious differences (King, Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham

Oracles Larry Ellison - A Profile of Power, Influence, and Dominance Case Study

Oracles Larry Ellison - A Profile of Power, Influence, and Dominance - Case Study Example There are several qualities that Ellison thought the world. He tried to prove that college degree is not important in achieving excellence him being a college dropout. Despite him not having a degree, he was the first to be the most successful billionaire before Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. He dropped out of college more than once (Ellison & Symonds, 2014). He stayed in school enough and through this, he was able to learn about computer design. The knowledge he got was from reading an article that was written by an IBM scientist. Larry thought that one should not retire. With him turning seventy years, he remains the longest founder CEO in the tech industry. He has been holding the Oracle since 1977. According to IBM, there should be the retirement of one after reaching the age of 60 but Larry has not thought of retiring and speaks nothing about retirement to the public. Larry believes that a competitive spirit is the greatest motivator in anything one carries out. He still goes to work and claim that the encouragement that he has is that he is addicted to winning (Southwick, 2003). According to him, what drives him is the constant testing of limits that one has. He always thinks of making a difference and changes lives. Being greedy is a theory that is used by Ellison to achieve all his goals. According to a research that was done, he is ranked the fifth richest man in the world with an estimated worth of 49.5b billion. He claims to get there through the standards that he set for high executive pay. He was the highest paid in the 2000s. The salary being highest did not make him miss work. This is what he described to as being greedy in ensuring that one becomes successful in life. Being generous is a virtue that Ellison brought out to be much needed for one to make effort and get success in activities that one does. Despite him being a philanthropist, he does not talk much about his efforts unlike other philanthropic billionaires like Bill Gates. He is mainly focused on medical research and green energy but does not talk much about the efforts that he has made to improve the sector (Symonds & Ellison, 2003). According to him, he was ready to give much of his wealth to charity.

Classification and division Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classification and division - Essay Example Thus schools are classified mainly into three broad categories; Elementary school, middle school and high school, for educating the children of different ages in a proper manner. Elementary schools are institutions in which children get their initial education. It is also referred as primary schools in some parts of the world. Elementary education includes kindergarten education or pre-primary education and primary education. Children within the age group of 3-11 are usually admitted in the elementary schools. Story telling methods are usually adopted in elementary teaching because of the interests of elementary school children in hearing stories. Problem solving or analytical methods cannot be applied in elementary school stages because of the difficulty of small aged children in grasping topics through such methods. Elementary education usually ends in the fifth standard. At the end of elementary education, middle school education starts. Middle schools are institutions in which th e children of 11 to 14 years old undergo the learning process. Usually, education from grade sixth to eighth is included in middle schools. â€Å"Young people undergo more rapid and profound personal changes between the ages 10 and 15 than at any other time in their lives.

A Study On Adobe Flash Cs4 Computer Science Essay

A Study On Adobe Flash Cs4 Computer Science Essay Adobe Flash CS4 provides newly features which are very easy to be used. Designing using Flash had become easier and more efficient. Designer can easily applies tweening technique to a symbol and smoothly modify the motion paths. The success project can be delivered to a very wide audience. Adobe Flash CS4 can help to deliver this interactive multimedia to web browsers, mobile devices and computes. The newly 3D Translation and 3D Rotation, Bones, and Deco had bring a new animating, interesting and creative experience to the designers. The workspace of the Adobe Flash CS4 is now more elegant and can be set into different style which suitable for everyone. With Adobe Flash CS4, the complicated animation can now be created easier and quicker. In Adobe Flash CS4, creating animation had become easier compare to the previous version which needs to involve with the keystrokes, symbol creation and manual placement of key frames and adjusting the tweens on the timeline. It will be more difficult and time consuming when creating and editing the animations. With Adobe Flash CS4, designers can straightly apply the motion tweens technique directly to the object itself compare to the previous version which need to apply through the key frames. Now, creating an animation is incredibly easy which only within two steps. The motion path which is automatically generated can be easily edited using the Bezier handles. Besides that, the timing of the animation can be easily adjusted in the timeline and without breaking the tweening of the object. With this features being introduced in Flash Adobe CS4, new users and advanced developers or designers can gain more control on the object for developing an animation. (Adobe, 2008) Motion Presets Panel Adobe Flash CS4 provides a library which is full of prebuilt animations for the designers or developers to start their project. The motion presets panel is very easy to understand and use. Besides that, it will be a time saver for project which had little time. Users can easily define a motion preset through saving the object which had tween applied on it. While users can apply the presets by just simply click on the preset on the motion presets panel. Motion Editor Panel Another new feature of the Adobe Flash CS4 is the motion editor panel. In Adobe Flash CS4, key frames had a new and important role with the introduction of the object based animation. With the new motion editor panel, users can now independently control over the key frames parameters which include size, scale, positions, etc. The motion editor panel allows users to control over the key frames of the animation graphically using curves. The fine control over tweens had been brought back with the motion editor panel which will let the users to fine tune the animation parameters for their each attributes. (Adobe, 2008) Bones tool In Adobe Flash CS4, there is a new feature which is known as bones tool. With the bones tool, users can now create inverse kinematics animation easily. The bone tools are very useful for the movement of character in an animation. The bones tool is a tool which can link a series of objects together and create an effect like chains. The bones tool is like bones in human bodies which will moves in a definitive way. The bones will be able to let users to link several objects together. After that, users can easily and quickly animate the object via controlling the movement of each segment of the object which had link with the bones. The bones can be easily created by just simply click and drag between the symbols. For an example, the bones tool can be use in the part of the mechanical machine which is use to pick up things. (Adobe, 2008) Deco Tool In the designing part, deco tool is the new feature which was being added in Adobe Flash CS4. The deco tool provides a new and more creative way to design symbols for users. It is great whether on creating or other effects. The deco tool lets the user to unleash their creativity through the different types of drawing effects which are available. The vine fill effect fills the background with a pattern of branching plant formation. The grid fill effect fills the background with patterns of symbol which are selected by the users. While the symmetry brush will allows the user to create kaleidoscope-like effects. (Adobe, 2008) Sample Sound Library Another fantastic feature of the Adobe Flash CS4 is the sample sound library. Adobe Flash CS4 has a library which is full of various kinds of sound effects. Users can now easily apply sound effects to their project. In order to add sound effects to the project, users can simply drag and drop the sound to the project from the library to the frame on the timeline. Besides that, users can also download sounds from the internet and then import it to the sound library in order to apply it to the project. (Adobe, 2008) Macromedia Flash 8 Macromedia Flash 8 is the software which allows designers to design animations, videos, games and advertisements. In Macromedia Flash 8, it had several improvements over the work flow and the design tools which are the run time blend mode, filters and effects, alpha channel video and file size shrinking and playback time. The major change of Macromedia Flash 8 compare to the previous version is the Flashs video capabilities. The enhanced video capabilities provide a wider range of codec and output options which unavailable in the previous version. Macromedia Flash 8 provides more advanced controls for the users and made complex actions and effects just within one click. The action script for Macromedia Flash 8 now has script assists which will help the beginner users to learn and use action script easier. (Jacobi, 2005) New Blend Mode In Macromedia Flash 8, the new blend mode is a totally new feature compare to the previous version. The blend mode is a feature which can applies graphical effects to the movie clips or buttons which are created by the users. The new blend mode includes the normal, darken, lighten, hard, light, invert, alpha, etc effects. (Cipollo, 2011) http://www.webdesign.org/get.php?type=imgartid=6822name=blend_modes_adj.pngno-download New Filter Effects Besides the new blend mode, users can now also add glow, blur, shadow and adjustable color effects to the movie clips or buttons. This feature will be an ideal for creating the Fireworks style of effects quickly and easily. Users can easily apply these effects by just choosing it from the filter tab which is located on the Property Inspector. The size of the Flash document file will not increase because the filter effects were applied on the runtime. (Cipollo, 2011) New Drawing Mode Macromedia Flash 8 is now features with the new drawing which is called the object drawing mode. In this mode, users can now draw an object on another object and the shapes of both of the objects will still remain. So, users can now move the top object and no need to worry the shape of the object below will be destroyed. Users can easily change between the new object drawing mode and old merge mode through the toggle button which is located in the toolbar of Macromedia Flash 8. (Cipollo, 2011) Script Assists Now, Macromedia Flash 8 comes with a new feature which is known as the script assists. It will become easier to apply action script to the movie clip with the new scrip assists feature. The script assists feature will prompts suggestions of syntax for the users. Besides that, it will also explain the parameter choices of the code for the users. So, users which are not very familiar with action script can easily learn it through this feature and use the action script. (Cipollo, 2011) Custom Ease In/Ease Out The custom ease in or ease out is also one of the new feature which is available in the Macromedia Flash 8. Users can now easily control the speed, scale, color and filters of the animation with this custom ease in/ease out feature. Users will control the animation through a graph like tool that uses a Bezier curve. Users can edit the attributes of the animation via editing the curve in the dialog box. With this new feature being introduced, designer can now have a better control and runtime results of the animation. (Cipollo, 2011) http://www.webdesign.org/get.php?type=imgartid=6822name=custom_ease.jpgno-download Bitmap Caching Flash continuously redraws the vector object when movie plays because it is a vector based program. Bitmap caching will help users to improve the animation performance to become faster through reducing the calculations which occur during the movie. Users should cache their vector movies into bitmap before continue on their vector image. Users will know which vector objects can be cache as bitmaps in the Flash movie through the use action script or property inspector. (Reiven, 2006) Action Script Action Script is a type of coding language which was developed by Adobe. It is use with flash to create animations, videos and games. There are few versions of action script which are 1.0, 2.0 and the latest 3.0. Action Script 2.0 Action script 2.0 adds some new runtime functionality which improves the object oriented development in flash. It formalizes the object oriented programming syntax and methodology. In action script 1.0, it is lack of traditional vocabulary for creating classes and objects. While action script 2.0 has the feature of supporting syntactic for traditional object oriented. It will provide class keywords for the user when creating classes and extends for inheritance. Action Script 3.0 In action script 3.0, there is a new action script virtual machine which is known as the AVM2 that uses new instruction set of byte code and the performance also had been improve. Besides that, the 3.0 version also had become a more modern compiler code base which is now closer to the ECMAScript standards. The application programming interface (API) of action script had also been expanded and improved compare to the previous versions. In this version of action script, it is designed to work with a more complex application which has large data sets and object oriented code bases. With AVM2, the code can be executed ten times faster than the previous versions of action script code. Action script 3.0 also is compatible with the older version. For example, action script 3.0 codes can load swf files which are written in 1.0 or 2.0. In this new version, there will be no more stage coding available. It means that users cannot apply scripts directly to the movie clip using on() and onClipEven(). Now, the stage instanced will be automatically declared. With Flash CS3 or greater versions, it will help users to simplify the application entry point. It will help instantiating the class for the users. Besides that, there will be no more onEventHandlers and is now replace by EventDispatcher. Users can now access the data from the URLs immediately. The object oriented programming will improves the development of a project through breaking down into objects. Object oriented programming actually is not a must in action script 3.0, but it helps the cases with large projects which involved multiple programmers. (Adobe, nd)

Type 1 Diabetes (Juvenile Diabetes) Essay -- Disease/Disorders

Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable but treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children due to the high levels of glucose in the blood (Eckman 2011). Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearly (Couch 2008). Type 1 Diabetes means your blood glucose, or blood sugar, is too high. With Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not make insulin. Insulin is a hormone, which helps glucose gets into your cells to provide energy. Without insulin, too much glucose stays in your blood. Over time, high blood glucose can lead to serious problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth (American Diabetes Association). Previous research has suggested proper insulin management, a balanced diet and exercise will help maintain glycemic control and lessen the chance of complications (Couch 2008). Symptoms are an indication of something being wrong. In the case of discovering juvenile diabetes, some symptoms include but are not limited to, being extremely thirsty, frequent urination, often feeling tired and or hungry. Some may experience unexplained weight loss, the delay of sores healing properly, dry and itchy skin may also occur. Others have had a feeling of tingling in their feet and even having blurred vision. The symptoms listed may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, or may occur when the sugar is high. (Eckman 2011). Warning signs in other cases may be an indication of very high glucose levels, though the symptoms may vary in different people, the possibilities of individuals experiencing the same symptoms are likely. Following are some symptoms encountered by children whose blood sugar is very high. Deep, rapid breathing may take place, their ... ...etes. Bethesda, MD.: National Institutes of Health, Dept. Of Health and Human Services. Neithercott, T. (Jan. 2012). Continuous Glucose Monitors. Diabetes Forecast, 65(1) 44-6. Magazine. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library. Neu, A; Hofer, S.E., MD; Karges, Beate; Oeverink, Rudolf; Rosenbauer, J; Holl, R.W., MD. (Sept. 2009). Ketoacidosis at Diabetes Onset Is Still Frequent in Children and Adolescents: A multicenter analysis of 14,664 patients from 106 institutions. Diabetes Care, 32(9) 1647-8. Scholarly Journals. Retrieved from ProQuest Research Library. United States. (2011). Type 1 Diabetes Research: Real Progress and Real Hope for a Cure. Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs, United States Senate, of the One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, June 24, 2009. Washington, DC: Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011