Essay on the Psychological Effect of the Internet on College Students

Essay on the Psychological Effect of the Internet on College StudentsIf you want to write an essay on the psychological effect of the internet on college students, there are some basic rules you should follow. Many students choose to write essays for the GRE or ACT. This is a test that measures the qualities of a student's intellectual potential and is required by most colleges. In addition, many college students now take the SAT to compete in the next level of testing.As you review this guide to writing an essay on the psychological effect of the internet on college students, you will learn some basic guidelines that can help you construct a particular subject matter that will help you in your next exam. It is also helpful to understand that the first essay you write may not be the best essay you ever write. It will take time and practice to hone your skills and become a better writer.A major reason you should write an essay on the psychological effect of the internet on college stu dents is because most college students now take online courses and classes. Even if you are not a student who takes online classes, you should still research the Internet for the best way to answer questions. As you learn about writing essays, you will see that there are many sources for information. As you get better, you will be able to choose the best essay topic that relates to the question that is being asked.As you search for the best essay topic, you should also be prepared to revise it as often as necessary. Once you have made all the edits, be sure to use a different perspective to add context. This will allow you to 'turn around' your essay and relate it to the main point that you are trying to make.Another benefit to writing a question about the psychological effect of the internet on college students is that you can really connect with the class when you relate your own experience. You can also think of the students as your peers. In addition, when you can relate to the world that your students are going through, it helps you to empathize with them.Before you write your essay, you will want to consider what you want to say. If you want to discuss some mental advantages, you should know that this depends on what you want to talk about. If you want to talk about using the Internet to communicate, then you should talk about ways to improve communication through the use of technology. This will help you create a lasting impression.For example, if you are writing an essay on the psychological effect of the Internet on college students, you might want to provide information about how chat rooms can be useful tools for communicating and the importance of using email. If you would like to talk about how social networking sites can be helpful for students, you should look at sites such as Facebook. You can also talk about the benefits of a community website, such as a social networking site for students. In fact, the more you know about these sites, the bet ter your essay will be.Finally, you should keep in mind that your overall idea will be the driving force behind your essay. By exploring the area you want to write about, you will be able to refine your idea until you have an essay that people will love. As you write, you should always come up with a different perspective to enhance your essays and make them unique.

My Fravor Academy Subject Is Religion Essay Samples

My Fravor Academy Subject Is Religion Essay SamplesFravor Academy topic is subject is religion. This is quite a controversial subject to be sure, but many of us would want to make our own decisions when it comes to this subject.I would like to think that the religious people would prefer that we stick to their particular topic. One of the choices you have is 'The Secular Community in the United States'. I tend to agree with that. However, some of these people just do not care whether they are religious or not.Now I know that in some ways, we all have opinions about what's society thinks. I mean, who is the world judging when we hear something? Well, that's the same way that religion is judged by society. You see, I cannot live up to someone else's standards and I will not let anyone tell me what I should do with my life or how I should live my life, period.In closing, I'd like to ask the question; 'Should it be your decision to follow another person's standards of living?' What is yo ur answer? Some say yes, some say no. Then again, some say 'whatever!' and that's just fine.The best part of this story is that it involves us as a body involves us. We think about this one all the time. We are constantly talking about it and arguing about it, which is what makes it a very interesting subject to be sure.Reader, that's why it's interesting to me too. I am living proof that there are many ways to think about everything and that we can come to a better understanding of ourselves and what we actually need from this life. As I mentioned earlier, I would like to think that I am not judging anybody else but rather they are judging me for myself.Please consider all this in 2020. Think on it.

China Education System Needs Free Essays

China Education System Needs to be Changed on College Entrance Exam Introduction Getting up at 6 a. m. in the morning, after breakfast, then go to school to begin reading books or reciting textbooks. We will write a custom essay sample on China Education System Needs or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was how I began my school life when I was in high school. I start my school life and study at 7 a. m. in the morning and until 9 p. m in the evening. When all my classes were over I could back home, but it did not mean that I can relax and go to bed. When I back home take a shower and continue studying until midnight. When I start our second year in high school, I need to choose a major: arts or science. I choose arts in high school, so except Chinese, math and English, which everyone need to learn, I also needed to take politics, history and geography class. For sstudents who chose science, they need to take physics, biology and chemistry class instead. All Chinese sstudents have to study so hard for a reason: the college entrance exam, also called â€Å"gaokao† in Chinese. There are over ten million sstudents taking this exam every year in China. Only a small group of sstudents can pass this exam to get into the top university and get further education. When we take the college entrance exam, and sstudents in different majors need to take different exams. There are two different tests, one for arts and one for sciences. And sstudents who major in arts need to remember lots of information; sstudents who major in science need to lots of homework. Many sstudents who cannot pass it may continue studying and take gaokao the next year or just go to a university that is not so good. As our parent’s say, this is an exam that decides our whole life. So, it is easy to know how much pressure we have when we face this exam. I want to argue in this essay that I think China should provide the college entrance exam twice a year and, furthermore, should avoid using the exam alone to determine which sstudents can attend the best colleges. Making these changes can reduce the pressure on sstudents so that they can enjoy themselves and pursue other academic and non-academic interests. Some Background about â€Å"Gaokao† The gaokao that we take today was began at 1978. At first it was held in July every year, from 2003 it begins hold in June every year because July is too hot. In China, the Compulsory Education Law that every single child must receive education at least for nine years. They need to start learning in kindergarten between age three to six. After three years in kindergarten, they need continue through primary school, middle school and then, for some people who have privilege to get higher education. There are two different levels of Chinese universities. The first category awards undergraduate diplomas and bachelor degrees following four years of study, whereas the second group awards undergraduate diplomas after two or three years. To enter these universities sstudents must sit the gaokao. According to an author Davey, â€Å"The exam in China is ultimately under the control of the National Examination Authority within the Ministry of Education. The Ministry of Education co-ordinates and oversees the writing of exam questions, whereas lower-level government is responsible for printing and delivering the exam papers, as well as arranging exam centers, marking and reporting results â€Å"(Davey, 387). After several decades gaokao has become the most important exam for all China sstudents. Every year in June 7 and 8, two days that gaokao hold, it is just like a festival for examination. Sstudents take exam in local schools but not the school where they take class every day. When we enter the examination hall we cannot bring anything but a pen and student card. There is no calculator and dictionary when we take exam. On the first day of exam, we take Chinese test in the morning for two and half hours. In the afternoon we take the mathematics for two hours. It is a hard time when we finish our first day of exam. I remember when I finished the first day of exam, I felt a little bit relax because I pass math exam that was the most difficult part for me. I just glanced over my politics and history books prepared for next day. On the second day of gaokao, sstudents who major in arts take the test including politics, history and geography in the morning. Sstudents who major in sciences need take the test including physical, chemistry and biology. Last test is English in the afternoon of second of exam. In these two days police will come out to direct traffic and make sstudents can arrive to examination hall on time. Paren’ts are all worried about their children and many of them just stand outside of the examination hall wait till exam is over. It is a very common phenomenon through this time period. For us, when we start our school life, be successful in the gaokao is our ultimate goal for every student. It is just like a battle that have no gun and smoke. It is very obvious to know why we have no time to enjoy our spare time to play games, or just hang out for a day. The exam is very stressful, when we start to prepare for it is stressful as well. Less time to sleep, when we get into last year in high school, we even have no PE class just major classes all day long. Zheng, a writer from Research Center of High Education Development introduces that, â€Å"As the most important educational examination system of present-day China, the college entrance exam, while shouldering its original task of selecting qualified new sstudents for colleges and universities, also â€Å"holds multiple jobs,† pperforming educational, cultural, political, and other multifaceted social functions† (Zheng, 15). Gaokao even cares about our future career. A student graduate from the top university have a better chance to get good job than a student just graduate from normal university. The argument Zoninsein, a reporter from Slate Magazine argues â€Å"Essentially, Chinese universities accept those sstudents who are good at taking tests. This makes sense for an educational system historically oriented toward rote learning, where sstudents are tested on how well they’ve memorized their teachers’ lectures. Mary, who is about to graduate from the Beijing Foreign Languages University, admitted she had many brilliant friends who simply didn’t test well. They retook the test after another year of studying and enrolled wherever their scores permitted† (Zoninsein). As we all know, China has the largest number of people in the whole world. It is easy to image that how much pressure that Chinese sstudents face when they need to find a job. There is a social phenomenon have been in China for so long that if a student graduates from top university it mearns that he or she can find a good job. Benjamin a reporter from TIME net report this in 2007: â€Å"This year, close to 10 million Chinese sstudents sat for the gaokao, starting June 8. Sstudents who perform superlatively can expect to be courted by the nation’s top schools; the rest find spots in provincial universities or two- and three-year colleges. For the 40 ppercent of test-takers who fail, there’s always next year — or enrollment at one of China’s less-selective private institutions. As China’s economy booms, job competition has become ferocious — and the pressure to land a prestigious degree can be unbearable†(Benjamin). Indeed, there are also many unfair phenomena in the college entrance exam. For example, sstudents who take the exam in different place may get different grades during the exam. Sstudents who live in big city like Beijing and Shanghai can pass this exam easier than the sstudents who live in region area. Because there are many good universities in Beijing and Shanghai, when they enroll new sstudents they need sstudents’ grades for gaokao, the university treat local sstudents and nonlocal sstudents in different way, they treat local sstudents better than nonlocal sstudents. For instance, two sstudents get the same grades in gaokao, one of them is local student in Beijing, and the other one is not a local student. In this situation, the local student can get enrolled in Beijing University but the nonlocal student may not. The exam seems to create inequality among Chinese sstudents in different regions. How to cite China Education System Needs, Papers

Obesity in Western Culture

Table of Contents Introduction Education and Obesity Money and Junk Food Obesity and Popular Culture Obesity in Saudi Arabia Conclusion Reference List Introduction Western society at the present is experiencing an epidemic of obesity where the poor, for the first time in history, are proportionately the most obese sector of the population. Evidence of this can be seen in the work of Cloake (2013) wherein his study shows that â€Å"nearly 33% of adults within the U.S. and the U.K. are obese with nearly 90% of those cases attributed to individuals with low incomes† (Cloake, 2013, pp. 24).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Western Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main problem is that on average there are â€Å"nearly 300,000 deaths a year from obesity related illnesses resulting in billions of dollars spent on health problems such as high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure et c† (Cloake, 2013, pp. 24). This is a surprising concept given that excess body weight and fat is normally connected with the excessive eating habits of the rich. The problem with obesity among the poor has reached a point that international popular culture representations of Western society have depicted an unflattering image of its poor population as being â€Å"a culture for the morbidly obese with cartoonish representations often showing an obese man using a tiny scooter in order to line up at the nearest McDonald’s† (Menifield, Doty Fletcher 2008, pp. 83-88). Unfortunately, this representation of Western people is closer to the truth than most people realize. Junk food is the primary contributor to the obesity problem due its convenience and prevalence which has resulted in the current obesity problem that Western society now faces. Education and Obesity Habits developed early on in childhood have been shown to carry well into adulthood. As such, children wh o are currently overweight and have no educational awareness regarding their current health problems will be at risk for obesity as they grow older (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337). Long term studies such as those by Yaniv, Rosin Tobol (2009) which looked at the factors related to obesity as children grew into adulthood noted that â€Å"the education of children and parents regarding the consumption of proper foods (i.e. no junk food) contributed greatly to lower rates of obesity among those that were more aware. In such cases, it was noted that the middle and upper class were less likely to develop cases of obesity as compared to the lower class due to the awareness of parents regarding the problems inherent in junk food consumption resulting in them feeding their children healthier options† (Yaniv, Rosin Tobol 2009, pp. 823-830). What the Yaniv, Rosin Tobol (2009) reveals is that education played an important role in determining rates of obesity with awareness equatin g into a lower likelihood of junk food consumption as parents sought better and less fattening options for their children.  Among those that have had the opportunity to learn proper eating habits through educational programs and proper schooling, it is often the case that they actively avoid junk foods and seek out healthier options when it comes to what they eat (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433-452).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, â€Å"people who do not know any better, usually the uneducated poor, often consume junk food and eat more than what they actually need† (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433).  The problem with junk food is that due to their convenience and serving size most people are not aware that on average they consume more than 3,000 calories a day from the various forms of junk food they eat (Devaux et al. 2011, pp. 121-159). An average adult male in the U.S. and the U.K. should consume only 65 grams of fat and 2,500 calories in a single day yet a burger and fries combo meal with a large coke available at the local McDonald’s is equivalent to more than 50 grams of fat and 1500 calories within a single sitting (Cale Harris 2013, pp. 433-452). As explained by Devaux et al. (2011), this would not be a problem should that be the only large meal that an average person would eat throughout the day, however, â€Å"this meal is supplemented by various chips, sodas and various other unhealthy options throughout the day which brings the total calorie count to 4,000 calories or more† ((Devaux et al. 2011, pp. 121). With diets often exceeding the daily allotted calories needed by the body, this results in a large proportion of the consumed calories to be turned into fat resulting in a person become obese over an extended period of time as they continue to consume more junk food. Money and Junk Food Through the study o f Datar and Nicosia (2012) which examined the food choice predilections of the poor, the middle class and the upper class, it was seen that the junk food, in the form of burgers, fries, shakes and other such types of food constituted a higher percentage of daily meals of the poor as compared to the upper and middle class. The main problem lies in the fact that the poor often have no choice but to eat junk food such as burgers and fries since it is the cheapest and most affordable choice that they can obtain (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337). Healthy food that contains an appropriate amount of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins that is prepared within a restaurant is often quite expensive and out of the reach of the urban poor. Not only that, the preparation time and the effort necessary to cook vegetables and other nutritious forms of food at home increases the appeal of junk food since it comes already cooked and ready for consumption (Datar Nicosia 2012, pp. 312-337).Advertisin g We will write a custom essay sample on Obesity in Western Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other end of the spectrum, the middle and upper class can afford a more diverse diet with healthier options and less fat resulting in lower rates of obesity for this particular segment of the population (Magid 2011, p. 13). Based on this, it can be seen that there is a distinct correlation between income levels and the prevalence of obesity in certain sectors of the population. Obesity and Popular Culture Studies such as those by Wallis (2004) have shown that obesity among the poor is not only caused by a lack of education and low levels of monetary income but also by popular culture influences through the media. On average nearly 10,000 TV ads appear within a given year which focus on promoting the products of various restaurants and companies. Children in particular are targeted by fancy commercials advertising sugary swe ets through the use of cleverly crafted cartoonish elements in the commercial itself. Wallis (2004) in his study shows that the poor, more so than the upper and middle class rely on television as their primary source of entertain. This is related to the lack of substantial levels of income for the poor that was mentioned earlier which results in limited options for entertainment. Since TV advertisements are an extension of popular culture it can be seen that popular culture is one of the primary reasons behind the obesity problem America now faces due to this patronage of products that are not only unhealthy but cause people to become obese as a result of their consumption (Wallis 2004, pp. 78-89). The power of advertising should not be underestimated since it has been shown that TV ads are one of the best ways to convince people to buy a certain product (Moodie et al. 2006, pp. 133-138). From this it can be seen that the causes behind obesity is not merely the fast food culture tha t western society find itself in but also the actions of various corporations that promote with wild abandon their products without taking into consideration the possible ramification on the population (Obesity in America: What’s driving the epidemic? 2012, p. 5). Obesity in Saudi Arabia When examining the case of Saudi Arabia there are two unique points of interest: the first is that country has only a few fast food establishments and the culture of consuming junk has yet to become prevalent, however, Saudi Arabia also happens to have one of the highest rates of obesity in the world with nearly 25% of the population being obese (Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat 2010, pp. 39-48). Based on an examination of the work of Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010), the main source of obesity in the country was linked to its high rates of diabetes which was connected to the popularity of the consumption of sweet dates, high carbohydrate foods as well as the general lack of physical e xercise most people get.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such a problem, as explained by Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010), is due to the lack of education among the general population regarding the necessity of proper eating habits in order to prevent one’s self from getting fat. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be stated that education and income have a direct impact on the likelihood of a person becoming obese. With lower income levels an individuals food choices become limited which, when combined with low levels of awareness as a result of a lack of education, leads a person to make unhealthy food choices in life. Combined with the effect of popular culture through the media, this paper has proven that in order to avoid become obese it is necessary to both educate the poor regarding the foods they eat as well as provide a means for them to make healthier food choices. Reference List Al-Rethaiaa, A. S., Fahmy, A. A., Al-Shwaiyat, N. M. (2010) Obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross secti onal study. Nutrition Journal, pp. 939-48. Cale, L. (2013) Every child (of every size) matters’ in physical education! Physical education’s role in childhood obesity. Sport, Education Society, 18 (4), pp. 433-452. Cloake, F. (2013) Our big fat fear. New Statesman, 142(5158), pp. 24-28. Datar, A., Nicosia, N. (2012) Junk Food in Schools and Childhood Obesity. Journal Of Policy Analysis Management, 31(2), pp. 312-337. Devaux, M., Sassi, F., Church, J., Cecchini, M., Borgonovi, F. (2011) Exploring the Relationship Between Education and Obesity. OECD Journal: Economic Studies, (1), pp. 121-159. Magid, J. (2011) Just Junk?. Current Health Kids, 34 (7), pp. 13. Menifield, C. E., Doty, N., Fletcher, A. (2008) Obesity in America. ABNF Journal, 19( 3), pp. 83-88. Moodie, R., Swinburn, B., Richardson, J., Somaini, B. (2006) Childhood obesity – a sign of commercial success, but a market failure. International Journal Of Pediatric Obesity, 1 (3), pp. 133-138. Obesity in America: What’s driving the epidemic?. (2012). Harvard Men’s Health Watch, 16(7), 5-7. Wallis, C. (2004) The Obesity WARRIORS. Time, 163 (23), pp. 78-89 Yaniv, G., Rosin, O., Tobol, Y. (2009) Junk-food, home cooking, physical activity and obesity: The effect of the fat tax and the thin subsidy. Journal Of Public Economics, 93(5/6), pp. 823-830. This essay on Obesity in Western Culture was written and submitted by user Harvey Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on A Valediction

John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† portrays true and deep love as strong enough to withstand distance and separation through his use of literary techniques and metaphysical conceits. The poet uses a variety of literary techniques to show the parallel between approaching death and parting from a lover in a not so negative perspective. The author uses numerous paradoxes to illustrate the separation of the two lovers. Beginning in the first quatrain, the author explains that when â€Å"virtuous† men die, they â€Å"whisper to their souls to go,† while others await their parting, insinuating that such men should set an example to lovers, for the separation of the soul from the body and the separation of two lovers from each other is not an ending, but the beginning of a new cycle (i-iv). Continuing into the next quatrain, the poet says, â€Å"let us melt...make no noise...no tear-floods...sigh-tempests,† implying that the bond of the lovers will disperse quietly like the soul of a dying man leaving his body, and his lover is to remain poised and resist any show of emotion upon his departure (v-vi). Likewise, the author uses metaphors comparing his love to divergent objects in order to show how they are imperceptible to others. In the third quatrain, â€Å"[movements] of th’ earth† are feared due to their potential to ravage the land, whereas the â€Å"trepidation of the spheres† in the heavens are picayune to the average person; therefore, this comparison is used to suggest that matters beyond one’s control, like the separation of lovers, should be approached sensibly (ix-xi). The poet then explains that â€Å"dull sublunary† lovers are flawed human beings who do not actuate mature love, for the soul of their love is â€Å"sense† and they need physical contact to inveterate their relationship; however, the speaker suggests that reason can free itself from any con nection with a sensory experience, so lovers with full... Free Essays on A Valediction Free Essays on A Valediction John Donne’s â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning† portrays true and deep love as strong enough to withstand distance and separation through his use of literary techniques and metaphysical conceits. The poet uses a variety of literary techniques to show the parallel between approaching death and parting from a lover in a not so negative perspective. The author uses numerous paradoxes to illustrate the separation of the two lovers. Beginning in the first quatrain, the author explains that when â€Å"virtuous† men die, they â€Å"whisper to their souls to go,† while others await their parting, insinuating that such men should set an example to lovers, for the separation of the soul from the body and the separation of two lovers from each other is not an ending, but the beginning of a new cycle (i-iv). Continuing into the next quatrain, the poet says, â€Å"let us melt...make no noise...no tear-floods...sigh-tempests,† implying that the bond of the lovers will disperse quietly like the soul of a dying man leaving his body, and his lover is to remain poised and resist any show of emotion upon his departure (v-vi). Likewise, the author uses metaphors comparing his love to divergent objects in order to show how they are imperceptible to others. In the third quatrain, â€Å"[movements] of th’ earth† are feared due to their potential to ravage the land, whereas the â€Å"trepidation of the spheres† in the heavens are picayune to the average person; therefore, this comparison is used to suggest that matters beyond one’s control, like the separation of lovers, should be approached sensibly (ix-xi). The poet then explains that â€Å"dull sublunary† lovers are flawed human beings who do not actuate mature love, for the soul of their love is â€Å"sense† and they need physical contact to inveterate their relationship; however, the speaker suggests that reason can free itself from any con nection with a sensory experience, so lovers with full...

How to Conjugate Réveiller (to Wake up) in French

How to Conjugate Rà ©veiller (to Wake up) in French In French, the verb  rà ©veiller  means to wake up or to awaken. You can remember it by thinking of the reveille of a bugle waking soldiers up in the morning. When you want to say things like I woke up or he is waking, youll need to know how to conjugate the verb. A quick lesson will show you how thats done. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©veiller Some French verbs are simpler to conjugate than others and rà ©veiller falls into the easier category. Thats because it is a regular -er verb, meaning it follows the most common conjugation rules found in the language. If youve studied similar words, you should be a little more comfortable memorizing this one. As with all conjugations, we must first identify the verb stem:  reveill-. To this, a variety of infinitive endings are added to create the various conjugations. All you have to do to learn these endings is look for the subject pronoun and the proper tense in the chart. For instance, I am waking up is  je rà ©veille  and we woke up is  nous rà ©veillions. You can make these easier to remember by practicing them every morning when you wake up. Present Future Imperfect je rveille rveillerai rveillais tu rveilles rveilleras rveillais il rveille rveillera rveillait nous rveillons rveillerons rveillions vous rveillez rveillerez rveilliez ils rveillent rveilleront rveillaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©veiller As with most French verbs, an -ant ending is added to the verb stem to create the present participle. For rà ©veiller, that forms the word rà ©veillant. Rà ©veiller  in the Compound Past Tense A  common way to express the past tense in French is the compound known as the  passà © composà ©. To form this, youll need the  auxiliary verb  avoir  as well as the  past participle  rà ©veillà ©. It comes together quickly: I woke up is  jai rà ©veillà ©Ã‚  and we woke up is  nous avons rà ©veillà ©. Notice how  avoir  was conjugated into the present tense according to the subject. Also, the past participle doesnt change, but it does take over the job of indicating that the act has already happened. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©veiller At times, you may need a few more simple forms of  rà ©veiller. The subjunctive, for example, implies some uncertainty to the action while the conditional says someone will wake up only if something else happens (the alarm goes off, perhaps). The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive are used less frequently but are good to know nonetheless. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rveille rveillerais rveillai rveillasse tu rveilles rveillerais rveillas rveillasses il rveille rveillerait rveilla rveillt nous rveillions rveillerions rveillmes rveillassions vous rveilliez rveilleriez rveilltes rveillassiez ils rveillent rveilleraient rveillrent rveillassent The imperative verb mood is very useful with a verb like  rà ©veiller. It allows you to quickly command someone to Wake up! When using it, skip the subject pronoun and simply say, Rà ©veille  ! Imperative (tu) rveille (nous) rveillons (vous) rveillez

Housing Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Housing Market - Essay Example The dominant contingent valuation approach has been used for many years in the research field work in Europe and unfortunately, is very likely to continue its prevalence in the near future, too. 2. In the article Kartin Rehdanz, presents an interesting and problematic view about the climate change impact on British households. Her study is based on investigating the amenity value of climate on households in Great Britain. She applies the hedonic price approach, which traces the marginal willingness of individuals to pay for changes in the climate. 3. The article claims that climate should be regarded as amenity and thus prices for houses in geographical regions with more sunny days on average have to affect the property price. The study is unique, because it uses for the first time geographic information system to derive the data. In comparison with other researches done, this one is exceptional, because attention is paid to problems of endogeneity when applying the census tract date. Furthermore, various specifications of the climate variables are taken into consideration and at the end, the study conducts an analyses if British households will gain from the global warming. 4. One of the shortcomings of the study is that besides Maddison's empirical work in 2001, there are no other investigations made on the amenity value of climate. ... 5. The administrative boundaries create data limitations, which influence the final results and their interpretations. Thus, the evidence collected varies not only between different counties, but also within Great Britain. Roback (1982) first examined the effects of climate and how they affect both wages and the price of housing. Moreover, obtaining the required information and measures of local amenities, requires mainly distance evaluation. 6. A number of problems into this research also cause the two hedonic equations that have to be estimated. The regression analysis becomes too complicated as the two equations need to be determined. 7. All extensive data collection has to be taken from the specific local areas, which requires extra control of the variables on which the location choices are based. Therefore, the variables must be accurately chosen, to eliminate the variable biases, and to decrease the problems of multicollinearity. The further avoid difficulties in measurements, the proposal given in the articles divides Great Britain into smaller geographical areas, where the local amenities like the climate variables vary, but they are adjusted with the local housing market, because the labour market can not be modified (Englin, 1996). Gayer (2000) took an instrumental variable approach to a hedonic analysis. In his study he estimated a bi-causal relationship between house market prices and the environmental risk. 8. The starting point of all hedonic analysis if the presumption of equilibrium in hedonic markets - salary and rents are adjusted in such a way that people stay indifferent in what location they are living and working (Mler, 1977). Another problem is that